Middle EastFrom Encyclopedia of Nationalism: Fundamental Themes. Found in Credo Reference
Nationalism in the Middle East, defined for the purposes of the following article as the area covering Iran, Turkey, the Gulf states, Iraq, Israel, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, and Egypt, concerns the crystallization of a modern collective identity focusing on language, culture, and religion with a special relationship to a defined territory. Its various strands, such as Arab, Kurdish, and Turkish nationalism, Zionism, and Palestinian nationalism, had a crucial effect on other important social processes in the area such as modernization, the crystallization of the territorial state, and the impact and role of religion, and was in turn affected by them.