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Education & Teacher Research

Guide to resources for teacher research

Citing Your Sources

By citing your sources, you:

  • allow your readers the opportunity to check your sources (giving your work more credibility)
  • give credit to the authors of your sources (avoiding plagiarism)

APA Citations

Please consult the APA Publication Manual even if you use a program to create citations for you.  The citations created by these programs frequently are close, but not exact.  Print copies of the APA Publication Manual are available in the library. The brief document below gives examples of APA references for common types of sources. Alternatively, the Purdue OWL is an updated, excellent source for APA Styling.

 

APA Style

Click for information on APA Style

Attributing Images

FOR CREATIVE COMMONS IMAGES:

Your attribution should follow this format, which adheres to Creative Commons best practices.

Title of image/video [linked to original image] by Author [linked to profile page] under License [linked to license deed].


FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN IMAGES:

Your attribution should follow this format:

Title of work [linked to original image] by AuthorDate (if known, or n.d. if not known). Public Domain.

WORKS CITED FOR A WORK OF VISUAL ART: PRINT OR ONLINE REPRODUCTIONS

Artist LastName, FirstName. Title of Work. Date of Composition. Medium of Composition. Institution Housing Work, City Where Institution Is Located. 

  • If you are citing a work that has been reproduced in the online environment, remove the medium of composition and add this string to the end of your citation:  Website Title. Medium of Publication. Date of Access.
  • If the year of composition is unknown, us N.d.
  • If the work is from a private collection, name the collection (Collection of ...) instead of the institution. Or list "Private Collection" in place of the institution and city if the collector wishes to be anonymous. 

EXAMPLES:

Monet, Claude. Water Lily Pond. 1900. Art Insitute of Chicago, Chicago. Artic.edu. Web. 4 August 2014. 

Kandinsky, Vasily. Orange. 1923. Museum of Modern Art, New York. WikiArt.org. Web. 25 July 2013.

da Vinci, Leonardo. Mona Lisa. 1503-1506. Oil on wood. Louvre, Paris. 


WORKS CITED FOR A WORK OF VISUAL ART: ONLY CITED ONLINE

Artist LastName, FirstName. "Title of Work." Date Created. Editor/Author/Compiler Name. Name of Website. Name of Website Publisher. Medium of Publication. Date of Access.

  • If there is no editor/author/compiler or date of website creation, skip those sections.
  • If the year of composition is unknown, us N.d.
  • If the work is available under a username, include that in place of the artist's name.

EXAMPLES:

javacolleen. "Lantern Floating." 2010. Flickr. Web. 2 December 2012.

Elson, John. "4Palmount." 2009. Wikimedia.org. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 4 August 2014.


ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

Section 5.7.6 of the seventh edition of the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers.

 

The sixth edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association does not have guidelines for images, artwork, sculpture, photographs, etc.  However, here are some guidelines from the APA Style Blog:


SOCIAL MEDIA PHOTO, GRAPHIC, OR PHOTO ALBUM

Creator, A. (Date Posted). Caption text [Medium]. Retrieved from http://website.url

  • If no caption is provided, place a description of the image in brackets in its place.
  • If you are are citing a photo album, replace the caption text with the title of the album. Italicize the title.

EXAMPLES


VISUAL ART PIECE

Arist, A. (Year Created). Title of work [Medium]. Location of work: Institution housing work.

  • If you are viewing the piece online, leave off the location information for the piece. Instead, end your citation entry with "Retrieved from http://website.url"

EXAMPLES

Search Tool Citation Generators

Most search tools and databases have options for creating citations (they often need some tweaking, but are a good start)

search tool citation creators

 

Citation Management

Save your energy. Learn how citation management tools can make your life easier

CONTACT

Email Butler University Libraries
Irwin Library: 317-940-9227
Science Library: 317-940-9937

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